Half to peter p



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

N. N. TVERSKOY.

ROTARY ENGINE AND PUMP.

No. 273.916. I atented Mar. 13,1883.

WITNESSES! I m VENTORI gm 4 ZMW WYW y N PETERS. Mo-U'Umgnphon wimp. u q

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. N-v N. TVERSKOY.

ROTARY ENGINE AND PUMP. No. 273,916. atented Mar.13,1883.

I l i J! I I WITNESSES: INOKZENTORY W hf/1 (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

N. N. TVERSKOY.

ROTARY ENGINE AND PUMP.

No. 273,916. Patented Mar. 13,1883.

WITNESS S: 11v VENTQR:

W J am- M n. PETERS, Pvmoum w, Washingion, n4 (1 ATENT rrtc NICHOLAS N.- TVERSKOY, OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- HALF TO PETER. P. W EINER, OF SAME PLACE.

ROTARY ENGINE AND PUMP.-

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 273,916, dated March 13, 18 83.

Application filed September 2, 1882.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, NICHOLAS N. Tvnns- KOY, a subject of the Uzar of Russia, and residing at St. Petersburg, Russia, have invented certain Improvements in Rotary Engines and Pumps, of which the following is a specification.

Figure l of the annexed drawings represents the proposed rotary machine in vertical section, taken on the line a: 00 of Fig. 2. Fig.

2 is a sectional View of the machine, (therighthand side of the tie'ure showing a section taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1, and the left-hand side of the figure showing a section taken on the line yg of Fig. 1.) Fig. 3 is an end view of the machine. Fig. 4. is a section on the line u u of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 shows in transverse section a modification of the machine. Fig. 6 is a transverse section of another modification of the machine. Figs. 7 and 7 show details of a modified construction of the central partition and adjacant parts of the machine, 850. Figs. 8 and 9 are two vertical sections at right angles to one another of the cock for regulating the admission of steam. Fig. 10 shows the arrangement of cocks for transforming the motor into a pump, and vice versa.

The machine consists of acasing or body, A A, divided within into two chambers by means of the central partition, B. In the arrangements shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 12 the body of the machine has double sides or walls, the outer side or wall, A, serving to form a steam-jacket. Figs. 5 and 6 show that the body of the machine may also be made with single sides or walls.

Passing through the body A of the machine are the spindlesO and D I), to which are key ed the cyliodersE FF, their circumferences touching. By reason of the friction between the surfaces of these cylinders they turn, but with unequal speed, dependent upon their respective diameters. The central portion of-the principal spindle or axle, U, (which lies between the 5 points a (1,) is doubly tapered. The spindles I) I) are doubly tapered throughout their length. The spindlesG D D turn in the bushes G H I. The bushes H also serve to form the stuffing-boxes around the main axle U. The

(No model.)

cylinders E F are keyed to their respective axles by means of the keys or pins 7:, which, for additional security, are held in place by means of the small keys L, fixed to their respective cylinders by the screws L. (See Figs. 2 and 12.) To better regulate the movements of the cylinders E F F, they may be furnished with toothed wheels M M, gearing into one another, and held by the same pins or keys, it, within the casing A. For additional security these wheels are attached to their corresponding cylinders, E F F, by means of screws or rivets. Each cylinderEis provided at its circumference with two or more radially-projecting blades or pistons, N N, and the abutmentcylinders F F are chambered or recessed at O 0 for the passage of these blades or pistons. Steam is admitted byone or more pipes, P, and enters by the passage. Q (formed in the central division, B) both into the interior of the cylinder E and into the steam-jacket A. To this end the central partition, B, is provided with corresponding openings, It and It, and the end of the cylinder E adjacent to the partition is pierced with a series of holes, S S S. In the opposite face of the cylinder E are also drilled the openings T T, by which the steam issuing from the cylinder E enters the recesses U U, formed in the inner tace of the end plates or covers, V V, of the casing A. The recesses U U finally conduct the steam to the interior of the casing A between tbeouter surface of the cylinderE and the inner surface of the casing, where the steam acts against the piston blades or projections N N. Owing to the steam-pressure, the blades or pistons N N cause the cylinder E to rotate in the direction shown by the drawn arrows, (or in a forward direction.) At the same time the abutment-cylinders F F, owing to the friction between their peripheries and that of the cylinder E, turn in a contrary direction with a speed such that the pistons N come into regular coincidence with the grooves or recesses O in the cylinders F, and their simultaneous rotation takes place freely. H aving done its work, the steam exits by the openings X X and leaves the engine by the pipes or tubes X X, attached to the end plates or covers, V V. By connecting the steam inlet opposite direction, (reversed) ran gement.

and outlet pipes P and X by a pipe provided with a four-way cock, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, with the inlet-.pipe for fresh steam and with the condenser, or generally with the exhaustchamber, it is possible, by a simple movement of the cock, to cause the fresh steam to enter by the pipe P, (passing through the ways b c of the cock,) or by the pipe X, (through the ways I) d of the cock.) In the first case the steam will leave the engine by the tube X,

(by the way d e of the cock,) and the cylinders E F will rotate in the direction indicated on the drawings by the arrows. In the other case the steam exits by thetube P, (by the wayc e of the cock,) and the engine is rotated in the It the engine is constructed to work at the full pressure of the steam, (without expansion,) the openings T should be sufficiently large or snfficiently numerous to allow of the passage of fresh steam from the cylinder E into the casing A during the entire stroke of the corresponding pistons. Figs. 5 and 6 show two examples of such ar- For working under expansion of steam the openings named should be less long, so that the admission of steam to the recesses U may cease at a given point in the course of the pistons N. Finally, for the variable expansion of steam the openings named receive a special form indicated in Figs. 11 and 12, and the recess U terminates (at the end nearest to the spindleO) in a circular cavity, one part of which is filled by a plate,ffff, riveted to the end plate or cover, V. This plate facilitates the boring of the circular cavity and limits the movementof the expansion key or slide, as will be now described. In the free space of the circular cavity works a regulator or slide, g g g g, formed in one with a rod, h, which serves as its axis of rotation. This key, the form of which is almost the same as that of the plate ff, contracts the free space of the recess U, by which the escape of the steam coming from the opening T of the cylinder E takes place.

The position of the expansion-valve indicated at Figs. 11 and 12 corresponds to the expansion of the steam at one-third of the stroke of the pistons N. Fig. 11 shows the position of the parts at the moment (one-sixth of the stroke of the piston) of the greatest section of the steam-passage. Fig. 12 shows the position of the parts at half-stroke, and it will be seen that the passage for the steam is at this moment completely closed. It is evident that it will suffice to turn the regulator g g in the direction indicated by the arrows in Figs. 12 and 13, to increase the period during which steam will be admitted by the opening T.

It will be understood that the number of recesses U and of regulators g g is equal to the number of piston-projections N in the engine.

The expansion-regulators may be operated by hand or by a governor, and to this end their stems are furnished with handles or levers t" '11, Figs. 2 and 3.

In orderto balance the cylinders F F on their 1 went-cylinders in this case having two recesses, O, lor the pistons N to pass.

The steam, hot gases, or, generally speaking, the motive-fluid, having done its work in the machine,escapes by the openings or tubes X X. In the case of a motor operated by the expansion of hot gases a portion only of the gases may be allowed to escape by the tubes X X, the rest being preferably connected by the cross-pipes or channels jj to the compartments or chambers l 1, formed in the walls of the casing A. Into the same compartment, l l, may escape that portion of the motive-fluid inclosed in the recesses O of the abutmentcylinders F, whereby any irregular pressure of the fluid on the cylinders will be avoided. From the chambers l l the hot gases or steam can pass. off by special chambers into some heating apparatus, so that for their escape by the openings X there will only remain a relatively weak volume of the motive-fluid.

In every machine in which the piston has a rectilinear movement the stroke of the piston is arrested at a certain distance from the end plates or covers of the cylinder,-so that at each extremity of the cylinder there exists a free space or clearance containing what is called a steam-cushion. Similarly, in the proposed rotary engine a free space is formed at the commencement of each impulse or stroke of the piston between the piston and the abutment-cylinder F. With theobject of economizing the volume of motive-fluid filling this steam-cushion or useless space, the fluid is led, before its outlet, by the channelsj and X, into the interior of the cylinders F, and thence into the space mentioned. This arrangement is shown in Fig. 6 only, and it consists of a series of channels or passages, 1,2,3,4,6,and 7. When the pistons N, in leaving behind them the re; cesses U, pass at the end of their stroke he'- yond the orifices 1 of the channels here named,

Ils

which are formed in the inner face of the end plates or covers, VV, the gases or steam pass to the interior of the cylinders F by the channels 1 2 3 4, and by the openings 5 made in the ends of the said cylinder F, for at this moment the openings 5 coincide with the orifices 4 of the channels. The moment following this coincidence ceases, and the steam or gases remain imprisoned in the cylinders F until the pistons reach the commencement of their next stroke. At this moment the openings 5 coincide with the orifices 6 of the channels 6 7 (formed also in the inner face of the covers V) and allow the steam or gases to pass from the would also be able to escape into the chamber 1 I. To remedy this inconvenience the recesses O O are closed by walls or end plates,

Figs.7 and 7, at the extremity situate against the covers V or against the central partition, B, according as the channels 1 2 3 4. are formed in the covers or in the partition B. In this case the ends of the abutment-cylinders F are sunk or recessed into the inner face of the covers or of the partition B, in order that the pistons N may freely enter the re cesses 0.

If the machine is to operate as a suction and force pump, it is preferable to draw in the liquid or gas by the tubes X and to force them out by the tubes P P, as takes place when reversing the engine, although the drawing in by the tubes P and the ejection by X may also be effected. A pump on this system is provided with an air-reservoir, as usual.

Fig. 10 shows an arrangement of the rotary engine furnished with three and four way cocks at and n, the four-way cock at being similar in construction to that shown in Figs. 8 and 9, and previously described. The three-way cock on connects by the tube 19 with the water reservoir or cistern. By closing this communication by means of the cock on and opening that between the steam-supply pipe 9 and the pipe P of the machine by means of the cock n, we have a rotary steam-engine operating as above described, and capable of being reversed in direction by means of the four-way cook a. It, on the contrary, communication be established between the pipe 19 and the pipe P of the machine by means of the cock on, and if at the same time the cook a be turned so as to connect. the tube X of the engine with the tube (1 of the cook, the engine can immediately work as a pump, (when the piston-cylinders are driven by hand or by any other motivepower.) drawing in water by the tube p and ejecting it by the tube X through the cock at and into the pipe 1. It is evident that in this case the shape of the openings or channels T, Fig. 2, should be suitably modified. Thus: then, the proposed engine can work not only as a motor, but also as a pump, fan, or turbine. A simple inspection of the drawings shows that the machine operates equally well in any position, be it vertical, horizontal, or inclined. Its bed-plate therefore may assume a position ditferent from that shown in the drawings. This bed-plate may be hollow to serve as a condenser, or as a reservoir for water or gas. The bodyor double-walled casing of the machine may be cast in a single piece with the central partition, B, or else may be formed of two separate casings connected together by flanges, their inner spaces being sep arated by a common partition, B.

In the case of the proposed engine being required to work as a compound engine, one oi the two casings would be larger than the other. It the machine consists of two separate casings,the toothed wheels H M may be arranged between them, as indicated in Fig. 7.

The spindles or axles D D, instead of being fitted entirely within the machine, may pass through stuffingboxes and be prolonged to the outside. In the case of connected axles the gear-wheels M M may serve instead of coupling-boxes.

The rubbing-surfaces ot' the cylinders E F may be polished or grooved to assure their close contact, or they maybe covered with leather or rubber when used for pumps and fans. In these cases the gear-wheels M M may be dispensed with.

The pipes X for the outlet of the steam may be situated on the two end plates or covers V, or. for greater simplicity, on one of them only. Thus, for example, in compound engines it will sutfice to have the tube X on the end plate or cover of the larger casing only. In this case the steam, having done its work in the smaller casing, which is not fitted with the pipe X, should be conducted into thelarger casing by corresponding orifices drilled in the central partition, B.

In order to suit the circumstances attending the placing in position and fitting up of the machine, according as its position is vertical, horizontal, or inclined, following, in fact, the varying local conditions, there may be one or more steam inlet and outlet pipes, and these pipes may be arranged in any suitable position and take astraight or bent form, as dcsired.

To facilitate adjustment and repairs, all the plane rubbing-surt'aces, or those which make air-tight joints-as the surfaces of the ends of the cylinders, the sides of the casing, &c.- are provided with fine grooves or hatchings, (after the manner of tiles,) and covered by soldering or otherwise with a suitable metal or alloy or other material, with the view of diminishing the friction.

\Vhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent ot' the United States, is-

.l. The combination or a casing, A, provided with a steam-inlet, P, near the center of its circumference and outlets Xon the end plates, with cylinders F, having recesses O, and a hollow cylinder, E, having abntments and steampassages forming communications between the inlet and outlet ports, all substantially as described.

2. The combination of a casing, A, having ICC IIO

steam-inlet passages P Q It and outlets X,

3. The combination of a casing", A, having inlet and exhaust ports, and a hollow cylinder. E, having" four abntments, with four recessed cylinders, F, and steam-passages, substan tially as described, whereby equilibrium of the radial pressures is obtained.

4. The combination of a casing: havinginlet and exhaust ports and recesses U with a hollow rotary c linder, E, having abntments and steam-passages T, with regulators g, substantially as set forth.

r 5. The combination of a casing and cylinder, E, having abutments, with a recessed cylinder, F, the said casing having passages k I about the latter cylinder, as and for the purpose specified.

6. The combination of a casingandcylinder,

E, having abutments, with a hollow recessed cylinder, F, having openings 5 in its end, the said casing having recesses Uand passages 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7, adjacent to the end of the said hollomcylinder F, substantially as described. 7. The combination of a casing, A, having inlet and exhaust pines P X, and rotating cylinders E F, with afour-way cock connected to said inlet and exhaust pipes, as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereofl have signed my name to this specification in'the presence of two subscribing witnes es.

NICHOLAS N. TVERSKOY. Witnesses:

F. KAUssE, r N. TSGHEKALOFF. 

